Bridge load rating is a procedure to evaluate the adequacy of various structural components to carry predetermined live loads. In simple words, it is determination of the live load carrying capacity of the bridge. Load ratings are expressed as a rating factor (RF) or as a tonnage (for legal and permit vehicles) for a particular vehicle.
Figure1: Steel composite I Girder Bridge evaluated for Load Rating
Purpose:
It is helps us to know the ability of the bridge to carry live load for design and allowable legal vehicles, overloads, and to determine weight postings. Hence, the bridge rating factors can be used to aid in decisions about the need for:
Figure2: Application examples after evaluating Load rating of a bridge
How load rating philosophy is different from bridge design philosophy?
Load rating as per AASHTO LRFR:
The LRFR methodology consists of three distinct levels of evaluation:
The result of each evaluation serves specific purpose and also inform the need for further evaluations.
1. Design load Rating
It is a first level assessment of bridges. It gives measure of the performance of existing bridge to current LRFD bridge design standards.
Purpose: Design load rating can serve as a screening process to identify bridges that should be load rated for legal loadsLoad rating based of the operation rating level generally describe the maximum permissible live load to which the structure may be subjected. Generally, corresponds to the rating at the Operating level may shorten the life of the bridge
2. Legal Load Rating
This second level rating provides a single safe load capacity (for a given truck configuration) applicable to AASHTO and State legal loads
Purpose: Bridges that do not have sufficient capacity under the design-load rating shall be load rated for legal loads to establish the need for load posting or strengthening.
3. Permit Load Rating
This third level of rating should only be applied to bridges having sufficient capacity for legal loads. In other words, Permit load rating should be used only if the bridge has a rating factor greater than 1.0 when evaluated for AASHTO legal loads.
Purpose: Permit load rating checks the safety and serviceability of bridges in the review of permit application for the passage of vehicles above the legally established weight limitations.
Process of load rating:
The process of load rating can be understood from the below shown chart flow:
Figure3: Process of Load Rating
Calculation of Rating Factor (RF) as per AASHTO LRFR 2019:
The RF value shall be taken as below according to the LRFR standard:
Figure4: Rating equation as per AASHRO LRFR 2019
Load rating in midas Civil:
midas civil offers the code AASHTO LRFR 19 for the calculation of load rating. The feature is defined in such a way that the user input can be provided in the simplest way possible.
Figure5: Load Rating feature in midas Civil
Load rating feature is facilitated for both, steel composite bridges as well as PSC bridges.
Figure6: Defining load case for load rating check
We get the load rating design results in the form of tables as shown below:
Figure7: Load rating results for flexure in tabular form
Apart from the tabular results, an excel report is also generated with the results so that it facilitates the design engineer in his work with the best possible way:
Figure8: Load rating design report extracted from midas Civil
Conclusion:
So, by going through the article we’ve understood the importance of Load rating, philosophy behind it and the process of doing the same. midas civil provides the platform for performing the load rating design for an engineer. Hence, it helps the engineer start from accurately simulating the model with construction stages, then performing the analysis and design for it and then at the end facilitating the load rating design for the same bridge.
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